Color palettes, with the contrast already measured
Eighteen five-color palettes for interface, brand and editorial work. Each
one states how many of its ten color pairs clear WCAG AA for body text and
how many pairs collapse under color vision deficiency — measured with the
same code as the rest of this site, not asserted. Open any of them in the
builder to get tonal ramps and design tokens.
What the two numbers under each palette mean
"n of 10 pairs clear AA" — five colors make ten unordered
pairs, and this counts how many of them reach 4.5:1, the WCAG 2.2 AA
threshold for body text. A higher number means more freedom: you can put
more of these colors on top of each other without a second thought.
A count of 4 or 5 is normal and healthy for a five-color palette — most
palettes contain colors of deliberately similar lightness, and those pairs
are never meant to carry text. What matters is which pairs pass,
which is what the builder shows as a grid.
Color-blind collisions counts pairs that are clearly
distinguishable in normal vision but merge under deuteranopia, protanopia,
tritanopia or achromatopsia. Zero is the goal. One or two is workable as
long as those two colors never carry meaning on their own — see the
simulator for which pairs they are.
Turning a palette into a design system
Five colors are a starting point, not a system. Real interfaces need hover
states, borders, disabled text, dividers and surfaces, and improvising those
per component is how a codebase ends up with forty near-identical greys.
Open any palette above in the builder and each color expands into a 50–950
tonal ramp, built in OKLCH so the steps are perceptually even. A five-color
palette becomes 55 named tokens, exportable as CSS custom properties, SCSS,
a Tailwind config or JSON.
Frequently asked questions
Are these palettes free to use?
Yes. Color values are not copyrightable, and these are offered for any
use, commercial included, with no attribution required.
How were the contrast and collision numbers produced?
By running each palette through the same functions that power the tools on
this site: WCAG 2.x relative-luminance contrast for the pair counts, and
the Machado, Oliveira and Fernandes matrices applied in linear RGB for the
color vision simulation. They are measurements, not editorial judgements.
Why five colors and not four or six?
Five is the smallest set that covers the roles a page needs — background,
surface, primary, accent and text — without forcing one color to do two
jobs. You can add or remove colors once a palette is open in the builder.
Can I edit one of these instead of starting over?
That is what the "Open in builder" link does. The palette loads into the
workspace where you can lock the colors you want to keep, regenerate the
rest, and repair any pair that fails contrast.
Which palette should I pick for a dashboard?
Start with Signal Blue for a light interface or Midnight Dashboard for a
dark one. Both keep their neutrals and their accent well separated in
lightness, which is the property that makes dense screens readable.